Monaco

Situated on the French Riviera as a semi-enclave bordered by France and the Mediterranean Sea, this microstate covers just 2.08 square kilometers while maintaining the world's shortest national coastline of 3.83 kilometers. As the second smallest sovereign state globally, it boasts the highest population density at 18,446 people per square kilometer, with a resident population of 38,423 supported by a significant workforce of non-resident workers from neighboring France and Italy. The economy is characterized by a robust GDP per capita of $315,800, driven by its status as a financial hub and a premier tourist destination that leverages its strategic location and political stability. Governed under a semi-constitutional monarchy since 1297, the principality utilizes the Euro as its currency and maintains French as its official language alongside Italian and the local Monégasque dialect.